1. Ethical Authorship and Originality Assurance

Publication integrity begins with ethical authorship. At our journal, we require that all authors meet established authorship criteria—namely, substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research. Guest, honorary, or ghost authorship is strictly prohibited. Each submitted manuscript must be accompanied by a detailed authorship statement, outlining the contributions of each listed individual. This ensures transparency and accountability from the outset. Additionally, authors are required to affirm that the work is original and has not been published elsewhere in full or in part. To combat plagiarism, we employ advanced plagiarism detection software that checks all submissions against a comprehensive database of published literature. Any paper found to include uncredited material or excessive similarities to existing content will be desk-rejected or returned for correction. We encourage authors to follow appropriate citation practices, use quotation marks where applicable, and attribute all ideas that are not their own. In cases where reuse of content (such as figures, tables, or extended quotes) is essential, proper permissions and acknowledgments must be obtained and included with the submission.

2. Ethical Research Standards and Human Subject Protection

Maintaining publication integrity also requires adherence to ethical research standards. For research involving human or animal participants, authors must provide proof of ethical approval from an institutional review board (IRB), ethics committee, or an equivalent body. This includes submitting copies of approval letters, consent forms, and ethical compliance declarations. Where informed consent is necessary (e.g., interviews, case studies, or medical research), authors must confirm that participants were fully aware of their involvement and rights. Data relating to vulnerable populations or sensitive topics must be anonymized to protect privacy. We also discourage practices such as redundant publication, data fabrication, falsification, and manipulation of images or statistics. Manuscripts that raise ethical concerns are referred to our Publication Ethics Committee, which follows COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines to investigate and resolve the matter. If any breach of ethics is confirmed after publication, corrective actions—including retractions, expressions of concern, or public notices—are issued without delay. Authors found guilty of serious violations may be banned from future submissions.

3. Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Corrections Policy

Conflicts of interest can compromise the objectivity of research and publication. Therefore, we require full disclosure of all financial, institutional, or personal relationships that could be perceived to influence the content of a submission. This includes funding sources, affiliations, consultancies, or personal relationships. All disclosed conflicts are published alongside the article if accepted, enabling readers to make informed judgments about the research. In addition, we maintain a robust corrections policy to address post-publication issues. If errors are identified in the published work—either by authors, readers, or editors—these are addressed transparently. Minor errors that do not affect the interpretation of data may result in a correction notice, while substantive issues could lead to retraction or republication with clarification. Our integrity policy emphasizes that correcting the scholarly record is a responsibility shared by all stakeholders. We also have a formal process for whistleblower complaints and misconduct reports, which are handled confidentially and thoroughly. Our peer review model is not only a mechanism for quality control but also a professional development opportunity for both authors and reviewers. By participating in this process, contributors engage in a collaborative effort to enhance the rigor, transparency, and reproducibility of scientific communication. We are deeply committed to maintaining an inclusive, ethical, and timely review process that reflects the values of academic integrity and scholarly excellence.

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